Trend and Joinpoint Analysis of Cancer Incidence and 1-Year Mortality in North-East Spain 2005-2020.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death. It is thus essential to examine cancer trends in all regions. In addition, trend data after 2019 and on cancer 1-year mortality are scarce. Our aim was to analyze incidence and 1-year mortality cancer trends in northeastern Spain during 2005-2020. We used the Osona Tumor Registry, which registers cancer incidence and mortality in Osona. The mortality information came from the Spanish Death Index. We analyzed age-standardized incidence rates and 1-year mortality by sex in the population aged > 17 years during 2005-2020. Trends were examined with negative binomial and joinpoint regression. Incidence rates of colorectal, lung and bronchus, and urinary bladder cancer increased annually in females by 2.86%, 4.20%, and 4.56%, respectively. In males, the incidence of stomach and prostate cancer decreased annually by 3.66% and 2.05%, respectively. One-year mortality trends decreased annually for endometrium cancer (-9.0%) and for colorectal cancer in males (-3.1%). From 2019 to 2020, the incidence of cancer decreased, while 1-year mortality increased in both sexes. In a North-Eastern Spanish county, 1-year mortality decreased for endometrium cancer in females and for colorectal cancer in males. Our results suggest a trend of decreasing cancer incidence and increasing cancer mortality as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in pork industry workers, Catalonia, Spain.

Background: Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) especially ST398, is a zoonotic agent. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA among workers in the pork production chain. Methods: 659 workers associated with 123 pig farms, livestock transporters, one pig slaughterhouse, pork transporters and 23 pork butcheries were studied for S. aureus recovery, and all isolates were characterized (antibiotic resistance, MLST and spa-typing). Results: The prevalence of S. aureus was 35.5%, 75.6% of isolates being MRSA. The prevalence of MRSA was 68.7% (149/217) among pig farm, 33.9% (19/56) livestock transporters, 2.9% (9/306) slaughterhouse, 0% in pork transporters (0/36) and butchery workers (0/44). Of the 234 S. aureus-positive workers, 100% (149/149) of pig farm workers, 82.6% (19/23) of livestock transporters, and 16.4% (9/55) of slaughterhouse workers carried MRSA isolates (p < 0.001). Of the workers who had contact with live swine, 61.8% (178/288) were S. aureus-positive, MRSA being detected in 96.1% of cases (p < 0.001). The most frequent lineage among MRSA were: ST398 (97.7%; 173/177) and ST1 (1.7%; 3/177); and among MSSA were ST30 (19.2%; 11/57) and ST5 (10.5%; 6/57). The most frequent spa-types among MRSA were t011 (93.8%, 166/177) and t1451 (2.25%, 4/177), and among MSSA: t084 (10.5%, 6/57) and t021 (7.0%, 4/57). All MRSA isolates showed resistance to tetracycline, 92.7% to clindamycin, 81.9% to erythromycin and 40.1% to cotrimoxazole. Conclusions: Pig industry workers having occupational contact with live animals present a high risk of colonization of MRSA, especially by MRSA-ST398. Prevention measures should be intensified in any employment sector involving live animals.

Insight in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Relationship With Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics.

Insight is considered a multidimensional concept and, in the context of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), impairment in insight has been widely reported to be associated with severity and other clinical and sociodemographic variables. However, the studies concerning insight in OCD have produced heterogenous data as a result of the scales used to measure insight. To overcome this heterogeneity, the study presented here used 4 different widely used and validated insight scales. The objective was to evaluate various aspects of insight using these scales to identify the relationships between different aspects of insight and clinical and sociodemographic variables to assess which scale or scales might possess greater efficiency in clinical practice. For this purpose, a descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study of 81 patients in treatment in a mental health center was conducted. Patients were evaluated using the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale, the Overvalued Ideas Scale, the Scale of Unawareness of Mental Disorders, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, the Clinical Global Impressions Scale, the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test. The results reported significant relationships between insight and scores on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Thoughts, Compulsions, and Total scales), Clinical Global Impressions Scale, and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, and significant differences with regard to sex, level of education, working status, and course of the disorder. A correlation analysis was conducted to assess the relationships among the 4 insight scales. The results of this analysis suggest that the scales that measure insight in a multidimensional way (Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale and Overvalued Ideas Scale) provide more information about the severity of the disorder in patients with OCD.

Reliability, Validity, and Feasibility of the Frail-VIG Index.

The study aimed to assess the reliability of the scores, evidence of validity, and feasibility of the Frail-VIG index. A validation study mixing hospitalized and community-dwelling older people was designed. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the inter-rater agreement and the reliability. The construct validity of the Frail-VIG index with respect to the Frailty Phenotype (FP) was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Convergent validity with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients. The feasibility was evaluated by calculating the average time required to administer the Frail-VIG index and the percentage of unanswered responses. A sample of 527 older people (mean age of 81.61, 56.2% female) was included. The inter-rater agreement and test-retest reliability were very strong: 0.941 (95% CI, 0.890 to 0.969) and 0.976 (95% CI, 0.958 to 0.986), respectively. Results indicated adequate convergent validity of the Frail-VIG index with respect to the FP, AUC-ROC 0.704 (95% CI, 0.622 to 0.786), and a moderate to strong positive correlation between the Frail-VIG index and CFS (r = 0.635, 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.71). The Frail-VIG index administration required an average of 5.01 min, with only 0.34% of unanswered responses. The Frail-VIG index is a reliable, feasible, and valid instrument to assess the degree of frailty in hospitalized and community-dwelling older people.

Self-reported and activPALTM-monitored physical activity and sedentary behaviour in college students: Not all sitting behaviours are linked to perceived stress and anxiety.

This study examined relationships between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with state-trait anxiety and stress. State-Trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), psychological stress (Perceived Stress Scale), SB across domains during weekdays and weekends (Last 7-day Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire) and PA intensities (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) were assessed by self-report in 360 undergraduates (44% females, mean age 20.9 ± 2.93 years). A subsample (n = 121; 53.7% females; mean age 20.8 ± 2.6 years) wore an activPALTM to determine total SB, light, and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA). Self-reported MVPA was significantly associated with lower trait anxiety and perceived stress, whereas light PA was only associated with lower perceived stress. Weekend total self-reported SB was related to higher trait anxiety and perceived stress levels, while total SB during the week was not. Of all SB domains, only leisure SB (screen and non-screen based) was associated with higher trait anxiety and perceived stress. PA attenuated the negative relationships between excessive sitting time and trait anxiety but not perceived stress. No associations were found for monitor-based measures of PA and SB. No associations were found between PA or SB variables with state anxiety. Further research is needed to assess causal and reciprocal relationships between PA, SB and mental health in college students.

Prevalence of MRSA ST398 Carriage in Nursing Home Residents in an Area of Spain With a High Density of Pig Farming.

MRSA nasal carriage was detected in 15.7% of 204 residents from 6 nursing homes (NHs) in the Osona region (Barcelona, Spain), and the MRSA-ST398 lineage was identified in 15.6% of MRSA-positive residents and in 2.5% of all NH residents evaluated. Most MRSA-ST398 carriers (4 of 5) had direct or indirect contact with pig farms. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:90-93.

Distribution of serum ßCTX in a population-based study of postmenopausal women taking into account different anti-osteoporotic therapies (the FRODOS Cohort).

This cross-sectional study evaluated the distribution of serum cross-linked C-telopeptides of collagen type I (ßCTXs) in postmenopausal women, the characteristics of bone remodeling, and the factors influencing this bone marker, especially the use of anti-osteoporotic drugs. Women (n = 4,175) aged 59-70 years randomly selected from the community were invited to participate, measuring ßCTXs and lumbar and femoral bone mineral density at recruitment. Risk factors for osteoporosis and the use of anti-osteoporotic treatment were collected with a structured questionnaire. We evaluated the percentage of women with increased (ßCTXs >0.620 ng/mL) and decreased bone turnover (ßCTXs <0.100 ng/mL) and those reaching the so-called treatment target (values of ßCTXs within the lower half of the reference range for healthy young premenopausal women). Two thousand nine hundred sixty-eight women (70 %) participated (2,405 non-treated and 563 treated). Increased and decreased bone turnover was observed in 16.4 and 1.8 %, respectively, of non-treated women with significant differences compared with treated women (9.7 and 14.2 %, respectively, p < 0.001); 28 % of non-treated osteoporotic individuals had increased bone turnover versus 14 % of osteopenic participants and 8.8 % of women with normal bone density (p < 0.001). Women receiving bisphosphonates presented the highest percentages of decreased bone turnover (27 %) and ßCTXs (43 %) within the treatment target. Increased bone turnover is observed in 16.4 % of non-treated postmenopausal women and is more frequent in individuals with osteoporosis, whereas decreased bone turnover is unusual. Most participants taking bisphosphonates had values within the treatment target, but nearly one quarter had decreased bone turnover.

Relación del telopéptido carboxiterminal del colágeno tipo I sérico con la densidad mineral ósea y el consumo de fármacos en mujeres posmenopáusicas. Datos preliminares del estudio FRODOS / Relationship between C-telopeptides of type I collagen serum values with bone mineral density and antiosteoporotic drug intake in postmenopausal women. Preliminary data from the FRODOS study

Fundamento y objetivo: El estudio de los marcadores del recambio óseo se ha abordado en series limitadas de mujeres posmenopáusicas. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron estudiar la relación del telopéptido carboxiterminal del colágeno tipo I sérico (βCTXs) con la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) y con el consumo de fármacos antiosteoporóticos en una amplia población de mujeres posmenopáusicas. Pacientes y método: Se estudiaron 1.495 mujeres seleccionadas aleatorizadamente de la población general de 59–70 años (con una media de 15,7 años de menopausia) dentro de la fase transversal de un estudio de cohorte. Se determinó el βCTXs en ayunas, se realizó una densitometría ósea y una encuesta clinicoepidemiológica con registro de consumo de fármacos. Resultados: El 26% de las participantes tenía osteoporosis por densitometría y el 18% consumía fármacos contra la osteoporosis. En las mujeres no tratadas con fármacos antiosteoporóticos los valores de βCTXs fueron superiores en las participantes con osteoporosis y osteopenia frente a aquéllas con DMO normal (p<0,05). En las mujeres tratadas, el βCTXs fue significativamente menor y con valores similares a los premenopáusicos. Conclusiones: En la población estudiada de mujeres posmenopáusicas no seleccionadas, los valores de βCTXs se asocian a las categorías de DMO y muestran un descenso marcado por el consumo de fármacos antiosteoporóticos (AU)

Background and objective: Few studies have addressed the role of bone turnover markers (BTM) in Spanish postmenopausal women. The goal of the study was to analyse the relationship between crosslinked C-telopeptides of type I collagen (βCTXs) serum values and bone mineral density (BMD) and antiosteoporotic drug intake in a large sample of postmenopausal women.Patients and method: We have recruited 1495 women aged 59–70 years (15,7 years since menopause) randomly selected from the general population within the cross-sectional phase of a cohort study. All participants had undergone βCTXs testing in fast state, BMD scan of spine and femur (WHO classification) and a clinic-epidemiological questionnaire with specific drug intake record. Results:Twenty-six (26) % of the participants had osteoporosis and 18% took antiosteoporotic drugs. In women who did not receive antiosteoporotic drugs, βCTXs was higher in participants with osteoporosis and osteopenia when compared with those with normal BMD (p<0,05). In women under therapy, βCTXs was significantly lower compared with women with no therapy and the mean values were similar to those of premenopausal women. Conclusions:In this group of unselected postmenopausal women, βCTXs values are associated with BMD categories and showed a marked decrease in those taking antiosteoporotic drugs (AU)

[Relationship between C-telopeptides of type I collagen serum values with bone mineral density and antiosteoporotic drug intake in postmenopausal women. Preliminary data from the FRODOS study]. / Relación del telopéptido carboxiterminal del colágeno tipo I sérico con la densidad mineral ósea y el consumo de fármacos en mujeres posmenopáusicas. Datos preliminares del estudio FRODOS.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Few studies have addressed the role of bone turnover markers (BTM) in Spanish postmenopausal women. The goal of the study was to analyse the relationship between crosslinked C-telopeptides of type I collagen (betaCTXs) serum values and bone mineral density (BMD) and antiosteoporotic drug intake in a large sample of postmenopausal women. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We have recruited 1495 women aged 59-70 years (15.7 years since menopause) randomly selected from the general population within the cross-sectional phase of a cohort study. All participants had undergone betaCTXs testing in fast state, BMD scan of spine and femur (WHO classification) and a clinic-epidemiological questionnaire with specific drug intake record. RESULTS: Twenty-six (26) % of the participants had osteoporosis and 18% took antiosteoporotic drugs. In women who did not receive antiosteoporotic drugs, betaCTXs was higher in participants with osteoporosis and osteopenia when compared with those with normal BMD (p < 0.05). In women under therapy, betaCTXs was significantly lower compared with women with no therapy and the mean values were similar to those of premenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS: In this group of unselected postmenopausal women, betaCTXs values are associated with BMD categories and showed a marked decrease in those taking antiosteoporotic drugs.

[Acetylsalicylic acid consumption in patients with diabetes mellitus]. / Consumo de ácido acetilsalicílico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) has been recommended for primary (PP) and secondary prevention (SP) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetic patients. The consumption of ASA among Catalan diabetic people is described here. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We analyzed 1,718 questionnaires administered to members of the Catalonia's Diabetic Association. ASA intake, history of CVD and medical advice about the use of ASA were evaluated. RESULTS: ASA was taken by 21% subjects (as PP in 14% and as SP in 53%). Medical advice had been received in 23% (15% as PP and 56% as SP). CONCLUSIONS: ASA intake among diabetic patients is low in both PP and SP. Physicians should recommend its use to improve this situation.

Consumo de ácido acetilsalicílico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus / Acetylsalicylic acid consumption in patients with diabetes mellitus

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: El uso de ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) se ha recomendado en prevención secundaria y primaria de la enfermedad cardiovascular en pacientes diabéticos. Se describe su consumo en la población catalana con diabetes. SUJETOS Y MÉTODO: Se analizaron 1.718 encuestas válidas realizadas a los afiliados de la Associació de Diabètics de Catalunya valorando el consumo de AAS, así como los antecedentes de enfermedad cardiovascular y el haber recibido consejo médico para tomar AAS. RESULTADOS: El 21 por ciento tomaba AAS (un 53 por ciento en prevención secundaria y un 14 por ciento en prevención primaria). Había recibido consejo médico el 23 por ciento (56 por ciento de los pacientes en prevención secundaria y el 15 por ciento en prevención primaria). CONCLUSIONES: El consumo de AAS entre los pacientes con diabetes es bajo, tanto en prevención secundaria como primaria. Aumentar el consejo médico parece una medida fundamental para mejorar la situación (AU)